1、DOM4J
DOM4J是 dom4j.org 出品的一个开源 XML 解析包。DOM4J应用于 Java 平台,采用了 Java 集合框架并完全支持 DOM,SAX 和 JAXP。
DOM4J 使用起来非常简单。只要你了解基本的 XML-DOM 模型,就能使用。
Dom:把整个文档作为一个对象。
DOM4J 最大的特色是使用大量的接口。它的主要接口都在org.dom4j里面定义:
Attribute | 定义了 XML 的属性。 |
Branch | 指能够包含子节点的节点。如XML元素(Element)和文档(Docuemnts)定义了一个公共的行为 |
CDATA | 定义了 XML CDATA 区域 |
CharacterData | 是一个标识接口,标识基于字符的节点。如CDATA,Comment, Text. |
Comment | 定义了 XML 注释的行为 |
Document | 定义了XML 文档 |
DocumentType | 定义 XML DOCTYPE 声明 |
Element | 定义XML 元素 |
ElementHandler | 定义了Element 对象的处理器 |
ElementPath | 被 ElementHandler 使用,用于取得当前正在处理的路径层次信息 |
Entity | 定义 XML entity |
Node | 为dom4j中所有的XML节点定义了多态行为 |
NodeFilter | 定义了在dom4j 节点中产生的一个滤镜或谓词的行为(predicate) |
ProcessingInstruction | 定义 XML 处理指令 |
Text | 定义 XML 文本节点 |
Visitor | 用于实现 Visitor模式 |
XPath | 在分析一个字符串后会提供一个 XPath 表达式
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2、XML文档操作
读取XML文档:
读写XML文档主要依赖于org.dom4j.io包,有DOMReader和SAXReader两种方式。
SAXReader.read(File/URL);
private void ReadRss(String filePath) { File file = new File(filePath); if (!file.exists()) { // System.out.println("找不到【" + filePath + "】文件"); // return; throw new RuntimeException("找不到【" + filePath + "】文件"); } try { // 读取并解析XML文档 // SAXReader就是一个管道,用一个流的方式,把xml文件读出来 SAXReader reader = new SAXReader(); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); // 下面的是通过解析xml字符串的 Document doc = reader.read(fis); // 获取根节点 Element rootElt = doc.getRootElement(); // 获取根节点 // System.out.println("根节点:" + rootElt.getName()); // 拿到根节点的名称 // 获取head/title节点 Element titleElt = (Element) rootElt.selectSingleNode("head/title"); // 获取名称 String title = titleElt.getTextTrim(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }}
遍历xml节点
Element类
getQName() | 元素的QName对象 |
getNamespace() | 元素所属的Namespace对象 |
getNamespacePrefix() | 元素所属的Namespace对象的prefix |
getNamespaceURI() | 元素所属的Namespace对象的URI |
getName() | 元素的local name |
getQualifiedName() | 元素的qualified name |
getText() | 元素所含有的text内容,如果内容为空则返回一个空字符串而不是null |
getTextTrim() | 元素所含有的text内容,其中连续的空格被转化为单个空格,该方法不会返回null |
attributeIterator() | 元素属性的iterator,其中每个元素都是Attribute对象 |
attributeValue() | 元素的某个指定属性所含的值 |
elementIterator() | 元素的子元素的iterator,其中每个元素都是Element对象 |
element() | 元素的某个指定(qualified name或者local name)的子元素 |
elementText() | 元素的某个指定(qualified name或者local name)的子元素中的text信息 |
getParent | 元素的父元素 |
getPath() | 元素的XPath表达式,其中父元素的qualified name和子元素的qualified name之间使用"/"分隔 |
isTextOnly() | 是否该元素只含有text或是空元素 |
isRootElement() | 是否该元素是XML树的根节点 |
Element bodyElt = (Element) rootElt.selectSingleNode("body");// 获取body节点下的outline节点Iterator iter = bodyElt.elementIterator("outline");while (iter.hasNext()) { // 读取outline节点下的所有outline信息,每条信息都是一条订阅记录 Element TeamElt = (Element) iter.next(); // 重新获取分组名称 String title = TeamElt.attributeValue("title"); String text = TeamElt.attributeValue("text"); // 获取body节点下的outline节点 Iterator iterRss = TeamElt.elementIterator("outline");}
创建或修改XML
/** * 将document树输出到指定的文件 * @param document document对象 * @param filename 文件名 * @return 布尔值 */ public static boolean doc2XmlFile(Document document, String filename) { boolean flag = true; try { XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filename),"UTF-8")); writer.write(document); writer.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { flag = false; ex.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(flag); return flag; } /** * 写入操作 * @param fileName */ public static void write(String fileName){ Document document=DocumentHelper.createDocument();//建立document对象,用来操作xml文件 Element booksElement=document.addElement("books");//建立根节点 booksElement.addComment("This is a test for dom4j ");//加入一行注释 Element bookElement=booksElement.addElement("book");//添加一个book节点 bookElement.addAttribute("show","yes");//添加属性内容 Element titleElement=bookElement.addElement("title");//添加文本节点 titleElement.setText("ajax in action");//添加文本内容 try{ XMLWriter writer=new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(new File(fileName))); writer.write(document); writer.close(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 修改XML文件 */ public static void modifyXMLFile() { String oldStr = "test.xml"; String newStr = "test1.xml"; Document document = null; //修改节点的属性 try { SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); // 用来读取xml文档 document = saxReader.read(new File(oldStr)); // 读取xml文档 List list = document.selectNodes("/books/book/@show");// 用xpath查找节点book的属性 Iterator iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Attribute attribute = (Attribute) iter.next(); if (attribute.getValue().equals("yes")) attribute.setValue("no"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //修改节点的内容 try { SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); // 用来读取xml文档 document = saxReader.read(new File(oldStr)); // 读取xml文档 List list = document.selectNodes("/books/book/title");// 用xpath查找节点book的内容 Iterator iter = list.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Element element = (Element) iter.next(); element.setText("xxx");// 设置相应的内容 } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(new File(newStr))); writer.write(document); writer.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } }
3、rome.jar 解析在线RSS地址
用法见示例代码,示例代码解析了我的博客RSS,并将信息转成JSON,用上json-lib.jar和它的支持库。
import java.net.URL;import java.util.List;import net.sf.json.JSONArray;import net.sf.json.JSONObject;import com.sun.syndication.feed.synd.SyndCategory;import com.sun.syndication.feed.synd.SyndEntry;import com.sun.syndication.feed.synd.SyndFeed;import com.sun.syndication.io.SyndFeedInput;import com.sun.syndication.io.XmlReader;public class RomeReadRss { public void parseRss() { try { URL url = new URL("http://feed.cnblogs.com/blog/u/167721/rss"); XmlReader reader = new XmlReader(url); SyndFeedInput input = new SyndFeedInput(); SyndFeed feed = input.build(reader); // 得到Rss新闻中子项列表 Listentries = feed.getEntries(); JSONObject Root = new JSONObject(); JSONArray List = new JSONArray(); for (SyndEntry entry : entries) { JSONObject node = new JSONObject(); node.put("title", entry.getTitle()); node.put("link", entry.getLink()); node.put("description", entry.getDescription().getValue()); node.put("time", entry.getPublishedDate()); node.put("author", entry.getAuthor()); // 此标题所属的范畴 List categoryList = entry.getCategories(); if (categoryList != null && categoryList.size() > 0) { JSONArray cate = new JSONArray(); for (int m = 0; m < categoryList.size(); m++) { SyndCategory category = (SyndCategory) categoryList .get(m); cate.add(category.getName()); } node.put("category", cate); } List.add(node); } Root.put("List", List); System.out.println(Root.getJSONArray("List").getJSONObject(0) .getString("title")); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { RomeReadRss test = new RomeReadRss(); test.parseRss(); }}
4、QRCode编码解码
先创建Google为我们提供的MatrixToImageWriter类,实现Google的BitMatrix与awt的BufferedImage之间的转化,用来被Encode保存二维码调用。
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import java.io.File;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;public final class MatrixToImageWriter { private static final int BLACK = 0xFF000000; private static final int WHITE = 0xFFFFFFFF; private MatrixToImageWriter() { } public static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(BitMatrix matrix) { int width = matrix.getWidth(); int height = matrix.getHeight(); BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { image.setRGB(x, y, matrix.get(x, y) ? BLACK : WHITE); } } return image; } public static void writeToFile(BitMatrix matrix, String format, File file) throws IOException { BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(matrix); if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, file)) { throw new IOException("Could not write an image of format " + format + " to " + file); } } public static void writeToStream(BitMatrix matrix, String format, OutputStream stream) throws IOException { BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(matrix); if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, stream)) { throw new IOException("Could not write an image of format " + format); } }}
再创建Google为我们提供的处理传入的BufferedImage图片灰度转化和转化为Google LuminanceSource子类。
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;public final class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource { private final BufferedImage image; private final int left; private final int top; public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) { this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight()); } public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) { super(width, height); int sourceWidth = image.getWidth(); int sourceHeight = image.getHeight(); if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Crop rectangle does not fit within image data."); } for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) { for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) { if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) { image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white } } } this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); this.left = left; this.top = top; } @Override public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) { if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Requested row is outside the image: " + y); } int width = getWidth(); if (row == null || row.length < width) { row = new byte[width]; } image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row); return row; } @Override public byte[] getMatrix() { int width = getWidth(); int height = getHeight(); int area = width * height; byte[] matrix = new byte[area]; image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix); return matrix; } @Override public boolean isCropSupported() { return true; } @Override public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) { return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height); } @Override public boolean isRotateSupported() { return true; } @Override public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() { int sourceWidth = image.getWidth(); int sourceHeight = image.getHeight(); AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth); BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, transform, null); g.dispose(); int width = getWidth(); return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width); }}
接下来是编码与解码
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.io.File;import java.util.Hashtable;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;import com.google.zxing.Result;import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;public class QRCode { public void encode(String contents, int width, int height, String imgPath) { Hashtablehints = new Hashtable (); // 指定纠错等级 hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L); // 指定编码格式 hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "GBK"); try { BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(contents, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints); MatrixToImageWriter .writeToFile(bitMatrix, "png", new File(imgPath)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public String decode(String imgPath) { try { BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath)); if (image == null) { System.out.println("the decode image may be not exit."); } LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image); BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source)); Hashtable hints = new Hashtable (); hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "GBK"); Result result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints); return result.getText(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } public static void main(String[] args) { String imgPath = "/Users/pcforsong/Desktop/QRCode.png"; String contents = "欢迎访问http://blog.kuangshi.info/博客站"; QRCode handler = new QRCode(); handler.encode(contents, 300, 300, imgPath); String decodeContent = handler.decode(imgPath); System.out.println("解码内容:" + decodeContent); }}